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Preposiciones importantes
About - Above/Over - Across / Through - Along / Past - Among / Between - As / Like - At / In / On - Below / Under - By - During / For / Since / While - In / Into
We arrived at about six o'clock. (alrededor de, aproximadamente)
I'm taking a course about astrology. (acerca de, sobre)
Over se refiere a una posición más alta en un sentido vertical y/o cubriendo. También se usa cuando hay movimiento:
He has a small house on a cliff above the ocean.
The police put a sheet over the body.
We drove over a long bridge.
Across tiene un sentido de superficie mientras que through implica volumen:
We walked across the square.
They drove through the tunnel.
They walked along the street. (a lo largo)
We walked past Mary's house. (pasar por delante de)
Among significa entre varios y between entre dos.
I want to live in a house among the trees.
I sat between Bill and Mary.
He's great as a teacher. (como)
She works as a clown. (como)
She works like a clown. (como)
En esta última frase ella no es un payaso profesional.
No se toma en serio su trabajo.
Lugar
At significa "en" en un punto concreto pero en sentido muy amplio:
He was at work but he wasn't at his desk.
In significa "en, dentro de":
It was raining so we waited in the car.
On significa "en, sobre, encima de", siempre con contacto físico:
Don't leave your clothes on the floor.
We put the painting on the wall.
Usamos in para períodos de tiempo como mes, año, década, siglo y estaciones del año:
In October.
In 1949.
In the 70's.
In the 19th century.
In the summer.
In también significa dentro de un período de tiempo:
In ten minutes.
In five years.
In the morning.
At es para una hora o momento concreto de tiempo:
At seven o'clock.
At the moment.
At midnight.
On es para días y fechas:
On Monday.
On May 1st.
On Wednesday morning.
Excepciones:
At night.
At Christmas.
At Easter.
Under significa "debajo de" y al igual que over, implica una relación vertical directa, en este caso a un nivel inferior:
The children are hiding under the table.
The ocean is below the house.
Lugar
By significa "junto a", "al lado de":
In class I sit by the window.
Significa "por delante de":
I walked by your house yesterday.
Tiempo
By significa "para", "no más tarde de", "antes de":
I have to finish this report by Friday.
By this time tomorrow I'll be in Paris.
Circunstancia
By significa "por", "de que manera", "medida":
Tania travels by bus.
We pay the workers by the hour.
The book was written by Tolstoy.
You have to buy it by the kilo.
During significa "durante" y se usa con un período de tiempo:
Janet was sleeping during the film.
The children went skiing during the spring break.
For significa "durante" y se usa con unidades de tiempo:
I stayed in Calandrias for two weeks.
We waited for the bus for twenty minutes.
Since significa "desde" y se usa para referirnos a un punto de tiempo determinado en el pasado:
They've lived in Barcelona since 1994.
While significa "mientras":
Elena washed the dishes while we were watching the film.
La única diferencia es que into indica movimiento:
She went into the shop.
She stayed in the shop for ten minutes.
