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Especiales Anómalos, Modales
can/could may/might must have to need
should/ought to will/would used to
Los verbos especiales tienen mucho en común con los auxiliares. Se usan para formar la negación con not:
We could not find your house.
Se usan para formar preguntas:
Must you leave so early?
Se usan para respuestas cortas:
Can you sing? Yes, I can.
Se usan para preguntas coletilla:
You must study, mustn't you?
Sin embargo sólo tienen una o dos formas, un tiempo y no tienen la forma progresiva:
He can swim. He could swim.
Poder hacer algo:
Can you hear the rain?
Could you hear the rain last night?
Saber hacer algo:
Can you play the piano?
Could you play the piano when you were five?
Pedir/dar permiso:
Can I go to the cinema? No, you can't.
Tener la posibilidad:
We can finish this afternoon.(poder)
We were able to finish.(¡ser capaz!)
We managed to finish.(¡lograr,conseguir!)
Deducciones negativas:
That can't be Mary's car.(sólo can't)
Probabilidades:
It could be Steve's.(sólo could)
Peticiones:
Can/Could you help me?
Permiso:
May we leave now? (might sería muy formal)
Posibilidades:
It may/might rain tomorrow.
Peticiones:
May we see the menu, please?
Deber:
You must finish your homework.
Prohibición:
You mustn't smoke here.
Deducción afirmativa:
She must be ill.
She can't be sleeping.
Obligación:
You have to clean this room.
Ausencia de obligación:
If you have a ticket you don't have to wait in the queue.
Necesidad:
We need to wash the car.
Ausencia de obligación:
You needn't finish the report today.
Consejo:
You should/ought to take a rest.
Deber moral:
I should/ought to get a haircut.
Petición:
Will/Would you open the window, please?
Para expresar hábitos y costumbres en el pasado:
We would go to the cinema on Saturdays.(solíamos ir)
Para verbos estaticos se usa used to.
Para expresar hábitos, costumbres y estados en el pasado:
My father used to work hard all week.
He used to be tired on Fridays.
Para expresar esta idea en presente se usa un adverbio de frecuencia:
He always works hard.
He is often tired.
To be used to
Significa "estar acostumbrado":
Americans are used to eating a big breakfast.
To get used to
Significa "acostumbrarse":
When I lived in the States I got used to eating a big breakfast.
